Holistic life cycle assessment and economic analysis of CFRP and CMC from renewable resources

CU GreenCeramic - CFRP and CMC from renewable resources

In view of dwindling fossil resources and political challenges, independence from them is crucial. However, high-performance materials such as carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) and carbon fiber-based ceramic matrix composites (CMC) are currently based on petroleum-based, non-renewable raw materials. A more sustainable production of these materials requires both an improvement of existing products with regard to their eco-balance and the development of innovative, resource-saving CFRP and CMC solutions. This can be driven forward through the targeted promotion of basic knowledge and initial impetus for sustainable manufacturing processes.

 

In Germany, the production, processing and use of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics and fiber ceramics for new applications is predominantly carried out by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, these often face high investment hurdles in the area of sustainability. The aim of the project is to provide these companies with a sound basis for overcoming these obstacles. To this end, promising manufacturing processes for regenerative carbon fiber and ceramic composites are identified, implemented and comprehensively evaluated in terms of their performance and sustainability.

 

Identification of suitable regenerative materials

Sowohl CFK als auch keramische Verbundwerkstoffe basieren auf erdölbasierten Carbonfasern, weshalb CFK als Vorstufe für CMC-Werkstoffe betrachtet werden können. Ein zentraler Ansatzpunkt zur Reduzierung der Umweltwirkungen liegt daher in der Entwicklung alternativer, regenerativer Ausgangsmaterialien für die Carbonfaserherstellung.

Im Projekt CU GreenCeramic werden vielversprechende Ansätze durch Literaturrecherche und Experteninterviews identifiziert sowie im engen Austausch mit dem projektbegleitenden Ausschuss (pA) bewertet. Die alternativen Prozessrouten zur Herstellung von regenerativen Carbonfasern bzw. des zur Fertigung erforderlichen Ausgangsmaterial Acrylnitril (ACN) werden ökobilanziell bewertet und analysiert, um gemeinsam mit der Industrie jene mit dem größten Potenzial für eine zukünftige Anwendung herauszuarbeiten.

Neben dessen steht auch die Fertigung von CMC-Anwendungen aus recycelten Carbonfaser (rCF)-Halbzeugen im Fokus des Projektes. Hierfür kommen rCF-Vliese zum Einsatz, welche auf die speziellen Anforderungen angepasst werden. Die Fertigung der Vliese erfolgt mittels Nassvliestechnologie.

Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt liegt in der Entwicklung nachhaltiger Matrixmaterialien für CFK und CMC-Keramiken. Hierzu werden sowohl teilbiobasierte als auch 100 % biobasierte Harzsysteme entwickelt, getestet und hinsichtlich ihrer Nachhaltigkeit bewertet.

Mechanical testing for fiber-reinforced ceramics

The project will continue to test and determine the suitability and performance of the identified materials. To this end, test specimens will be produced using the renewable materials in order to examine their properties. The results will then be compared with the mechanical properties of conventionally produced CMC materials. The aim is to evaluate the performance of the newly developed materials and examine their potential for industrial use.

Bundle-like wetlaid for further processing into high-performance ceramic composite materials

Finally, based on the work carried out, a comprehensive evaluation of the selected renewable materials and the manufacturing process chains will be carried out. Technical, ecological, and economic aspects will be taken into account.

Bundle-like wetlaid made from recycled carbon fiber
Bundle-like wetlaid made from recycled carbon fiber

Sustainable and accessible solutions for SMEs: renewable carbon fiber and ceramic composites

The data base to be developed will serve as the foundation for the development of optimized processes specifically geared toward renewable raw materials. The aim is to enable sustainable industrialization in the field of CFRP and CMC materials. This includes identifying promising renewable materials for the production of renewable carbon fiber and ceramic composites, while also evaluating their technical, ecological, and economic performance. 

This is to be achieved through the following measures:  

 

  • Identification of suitable raw materials for renewable CFRP and CMC materials
  • Adaptation of processes to sustainable raw materials
  • Ensuring comparable technical performance for regCFRP and regCMC 
  • Demonstration of robust ecological and economic advantages for SMEs along the process chain
  • Development of new fields of application, e.g., by substituting less sustainable material classes

 

The results will be compiled in a comprehensive guide and also integrated into the EU Eco Calculator of Composites United e.V. (CU). The integration of the data into this tool is intended to facilitate access for SMEs and transparently present the potential of renewable carbon fiber and ceramic composites. A reliable assessment of mechanical performance and ecological footprint will create a sound basis for decision-making for sustainable industrial use.

 

 

 

Weitere Referenzprojekte

 

MAI ÖkoCaP

Establishing a robust and transparent basis for decision-making that allows the benefits of using rCF in various industrial applications and products to be assessed. 

 

LuFo VI-3 NATURE | Sustainable helicopter structure

Ecologically sustainable design of structural construction methods and manufacturing technologies for future and existing helicopter structures.

 

Further projects

Here you will find an overview of further reference projects.

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