DIELEKTRO | Multi-material processing of three materials

3D multi-material components bay laser-based powder bed fusion

Metal-based additive manufacturing processes enable the production of geometrically complex components. This is largely due to the build-up character of these technologies. One of the most widely used technologies – laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF) – is based on powder materials that are selectively melted and solidified in the manufacturing process through a laser beam. In a process developed at Fraunhofer IGCV, it is now possible to manufacture components made of two different materials with any distribution of both materials both in the build direction and the build plane. Due to the arbitrary material distribution in all spatial axes, these structures are called 3-D multi-material components. This approach holds the new potential for lightweight construction and functional integration and can also be used to manufacture mechatronic components. To fully exploit these possibilities, the influences of material properties, process parameters, and component characteristics must be investigated.

Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Regional Development and Energy
© StMWi

Manufacturing of mechatronic components through multi-material processing by laser based powder bed fusion

In the project DIELEKTRO, the combination of metallic structural components with electrical components is to be realized. To implement the project goal of manufacturing mechatronic multi-material components, it is necessary on the one hand to consider the hardware components and, on the other hand, to further develop the manufacturing process. In particular, the manufacturing process must be qualified for non-conductive materials (ceramic or glass materials), and the application mechanism for introducing a third material must be expanded.

So far, the basic processability of ceramic materials (see Figure 2) has been demonstrated in laser beam melting. Thin ceramic layers on metallic substrate plates show sufficient electrical insulation for the realization of mechatronic components. Furthermore, a nozzle deposition mechanism was developed, which allows the introduction of a third material. The results will be brought together by fabricating 3-D multi-material demonstrators from three materials in the fourth year of the project.


Types of multi-material use
© Fraunhofer IGCV
Figure 1: Types of multi-material use
Ceramic (Al2O3) components manufactured by laser-based powder bed fusion
© Fraunhofer IGCV
Figure 2: Ceramic (Al2O3) components manufactured by laser-based powder bed fusion
Laser beam melted multi-material component made of CuCr1Zr and tool steel 1.2709. Presentation of the efficiency of multi-material processing in the DIELEKTRO project
© Fraunhofer IGCV
Figure 3: Laser beam melted multi-material component made of CuCr1Zr and tool steel 1.2709. Presentation of the efficiency of multi-material processing in the DIELEKTRO project

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